Optimization techniques for integrating spatial data     

Ute C. Herzfeld  Daniel F. Merriam 《Mathematical Geology》1995,27(5):559-588

Two optimization techniques ta predict a spatial variable from any number of related spatial variables are presented. The applicability of the two different methods for petroleum-resource assessment is tested in a mature oil province of the Midcontinent (USA). The information on petroleum productivity, usually not directly accessible, is related indirectly to geological, geophysical, petrographical, and other observable data. This paper presents two approaches based on construction of a multivariate spatial model from the available data to determine a relationship for prediction. In the first approach, the variables are combined into a spatial model by an algebraic map-comparison/integration technique. Optimal weights for the map comparison function are determined by the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex algorithm in multidimensions. Geologic knowledge is necessary to provide a first guess of weights to start the automatization, because the solution is not unique. In the second approach, active set optimization for linear prediction of the target under positivity constraints is applied. Here, the procedure seems to select one variable from each data type (structure, isopachous, and petrophysical) eliminating data redundancy. Automating the determination of optimum combinations of different variables by applying optimization techniques is a valuable extension of the algebraic map-comparison/integration approach to analyzing spatial data. Because of the capability of handling multivariate data sets and partial retention of geographical information, the approaches can be useful in mineral-resource exploration.  相似文献   

石油污染土壤对向日葵生长的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李春荣  王文科  曹玉清  王丽娟 《地球科学与环境学报》2006,28(4):97-99

以美国油料向日葵G101为材料,通过田间试验,研究了土壤石油污染质量浓度为10 000 mg/kg时,对向日葵生理性状、产量性状、农艺性状及籽仁质量的影响。结果表明:石油污染土壤对向日葵群体叶面指数从苗期至成熟期均有显著影响。葵盘直径、茎秆直径、株高、叶片数、百粒重和生物量分别缩小或降低10.7%、7.4%、7.2%、10.0%、16.7%和21%;空秕率提高2.4倍;对根系与地上部分的抑制作用无显著差异。该污染浓度下石油对向日葵发芽出苗率,籽仁中粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量无显著影响;葵盘腐烂病发生率、分枝发生率有所提高。  相似文献   

A piecewise exponential model for seismic well-logging data     

D. L. Jupp  Ian C. F. Stewart 《Mathematical Geology》1974,6(1):33-45

Conventional methods of analyzing sonic log data do not always yield accurate information on each velocity segment of a well. It is shown here that the velocity-depth parameters and the sections of approximately constant velocity may be more precisely defined by using an exponential spline to model the data.  相似文献   

广西石油资源可供性预分析     

黄朝关  李志红 《南方国土资源》2001,14(3):30-32

文章介绍了广西石油资源及消费概况 ,特别是阐明石油资源不足的事实。提出实施石油勘探的战略性转移和开源节流的政策 ,抓住有利时机 ,进入国际石油市场  相似文献   

Long-term growth of the oil industry in the United States     

Arthur FitzPatrick  Brian Hitchon  J. R. McGregor 《Mathematical Geology》1973,5(3):237-267

A number of growth models have been developed and used in an attempt to project the historical pattern of oil activities to some estimate of their upper limit. Techniques are outlined for the estimation of parameters of the logistic and Gompertz curves. Factor analysis indicated a close relationship between production and demand, whereas annual discoveries and discoveries classified by year of discovery tended to comprise unique factors which were indifferent to changes in time. The growth models projected relatively high values for ultimate demand and production in comparison to the figures for ultimate reserves. Inasmuch as these trends seemed to be occurring independently, some reconciliation of the results was necessary. Using the highest projections of estimates for reserves suggests that over 420 billion barrels of oil in place will eventually be discovered in the United States, with perhaps 200 billion barrels of this eventually to be proved in the form of reserves. Projections for production were higher, corresponding to a trend indicating high levels in demand for crude oil. The only credible long-term estimate of demand was given by a bounded exponential growth model, in which ultimate cumulative demand for crude oil would reach about 416 billion barrels. These figures imply that over 150 billion barrels of oil would be imported into the United States from 1970 to 2070. Provided the time pattern for one of the variables has been determined, then estimates of the other variables probably would be facilitated because of the high interrelationship between variables. Models are suggested in which accurate pivotal forecasting in the short term might be possible—assuming the particular future trend in some of the independent variables has been predetermined.Research Council of Alberta Contribution No. 596.  相似文献   

Bayesian Discovery Process Modeling of the Lower and Middle Jurassic Play of the Halten Terrace,Offshore Norway,as Compared with the Previous Modeling     

Richard?Sinding-LarsenEmail author  Jingzhen?Xu 《Natural Resources Research》2005,14(3):235-248

A Bayesian version of the discovery process model was applied to the pre-rift Lower and Middle Jurassic play of the Halten Terrace, Mid-Norway. The Bayesian approach estimates the lognormal parameters, the discoverability parameter, and the distribution of sizes of the undiscovered fields as well as the play potential, conditioned on a discovery sequence averaging for all possible prior choices weighted by their likelihood. This approach avoids the problem of having to make arbitrary choices for the parameters. The estimates of parameters and play potential based upon the present methodology compares well with previous estimates, if the play is divided into two sub-plays representing the overpressured and normally pressured zones. These sub-plays have been estimated independently and aggregated in order to get the total undiscovered resource potential. This study estimates that the expected remaining play potential is 100 × 10⁶Sm³ o.e., about 9% of the total resources in the play. There is however a 90% chance that the remaining potential ranges from 13 to 282× 10⁶ Sm³ o.e. and a 5% possibility of exceeding this value.  相似文献   

Book Review and Doctoral Theses     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):99-103

The article discusses the importance of services as agents of internationalisation. Services are seen as dynamic agents of change, and services and commodities are considered composite in production processes. Modes of entering the global scene such as trade in services, foreign direct investment, forming of alliances, franchising and intrafirm trade are focused on, and limits to globalisation are highlighted. Some services, particularly advanced business services, more easily fall prey to institutional and cultural constraints than others. Empirically, Norway is analysed as an arena of international services against the background of its historical tradition particularly in shipping and affiliated activities. Recently, however, manufacturing has gained in importance, mainly in exports and to a lesser extent in imports, due to the petroleum economy. This appears to indicate that export of services has lost momentum over time. The development profile in shipping is highly negative. The negative picture changes somewhat when not only the trade balance, but also investment abroad is considered. In this respect, services have grown in relative importance, notably in the financial sector and in telecommunications. When juxtaposing outgoing and incoming investments, petroleum-related services have gained an increased export and investment surplus in recent years, from a balance in the mid-1990s.  相似文献   

大庆油田勘探50年：陆相生油理论的伟大实践   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

冯志强  冯子辉  黄薇  梁江平  乔卫  赵波 《地质科学》2009,44(2):349-364

文章系统分析了陆相生油理论和大庆油田的勘探实践,总结了大庆油田的勘探历程并划分为三大阶段：构造油藏勘探阶段,岩性油藏勘探的探索阶段,岩性油藏勘探大发展阶段。详细阐述了“十五”以来,大庆油田依靠创新理论与技术,丰富完善了大型陆相坳陷盆地岩性油藏勘探理论与配套技术,深层火山岩气藏勘探理论与配套技术,复杂断陷盆地油气勘探理论与配套技术,从而带来了松辽盆地北部中一浅层、深层和海拉尔盆地油气勘探的大发展,大庆油田再次进入油气储量增长高峰期。在详细分析大庆探区的勘探实际和资源潜力的基础上,提出了“百年油田”勘探的工作思路,通过扎实推进科学勘探,努力为油田可持续发展提供有力资源保障的勘探战略。  相似文献   

基于GIS技术的"数字油田"建设与应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毛锋  艾丽双  何生厚 《地理信息世界》2004,2(1):34-38

石油石化工业是我国的支柱能源工业,石油石化企业的信息化不仅需求迫切,且因其研究对象是地下流动的物体而变得极其复杂：油田是其企业的主体和利润的主要来源,“数字油田”的建设是石油石化企业信息化成功的关键,由于油田一般空间跨度大、地上地下资料多而复杂,GIS技术是“数字油田”建设的关键技术;现主要介绍基于GIS技术建设“数字油田”的技术、方法和应用。  相似文献   

Quantitative Assessment of Hydrocarbon Expulsion of Petroleum Systems in the Niuzhuang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

PANG Xiongqi  LI Sumei  JIN Zhijun  BAI Guoping Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation  Ministry of Education  Beijing  E-mail: pangxq@bjpeu.edu.cnBasin & Reservoir Research Center  University of Petroleum  Beijing Sinopec Petroleum Exploration  Exploitation Institute  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):615-625

Based on a detailed survey of the distribution and organic geochemical characteristics of potential source rocks in the South Slope of the Niuzhuang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China, a new approach to assess the amount of hydrocarbons generated and expelled has been developed. The approach is applicable to evaluate hydrocarbons with different genetic mechanisms. The results show that the models for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion vary with potential source rocks, depending on thermal maturity, types of organic matter and paleoenvironment. Hydrocarbons are mostly generated and expelled from source rocks within the normal oil window. It was calculated that the special interval (algal-rich shales of the ES4 member formed in brackish environments) in  相似文献